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                    第2章 线程管理
            
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                    2.1 线程的基本操作
            
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                    2.2 传递参数
            
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                    2.3 转移所有权
            
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                    2.4 确定线程数量
            
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                    2.5 线程标识
            
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                    2.6 本章总结
            
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                    第3章 共享数据
            
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                    3.1 共享数据的问题
            
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                    3.2 使用互斥量
            
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                    3.3 保护共享数据的方式
            
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                    3.4 本章总结
            
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                    第4章 同步操作
            
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                    4.1 等待事件或条件
            
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                    4.2 使用future
            
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                    4.3 限时等待
            
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                    4.4 简化代码
            
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                    4.5 本章总结
            
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                    第5章 内存模型和原子操作
            
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                    5.1 内存模型
            
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                    5.2 原子操作和原子类型
            
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                    5.3 同步操作和强制排序
            
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                    5.4 本章总结
            
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                    第6章 设计基于锁的并发数据结构
            
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                    6.1 并发设计的意义
            
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                    6.2 基于锁的并发数据结构
            
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                    6.3 设计更加复杂的数据结构
            
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                    6.4 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14" data-path="7.0-chinese.html">
            
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                    第7章 设计无锁的并发数据结构
            
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                    7.1 定义和意义
            
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                    7.2 无锁数据结构的例子
            
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                    7.3 设计无锁数据结构的指导建议
            
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                    7.4 本章总结
            
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                    第8章 并发设计
            
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                    8.1 线程间划分工作
            
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                    8.2 并发代码的性能
            
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                    8.3 为多线程性能设计数据结构
            
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                    8.4 设计并发代码的注意事项
            
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                    8.5 在实践中设计并发代码
            
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                    8.6 本章总结
            
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                    第9章 高级线程管理
            
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                    9.1 线程池
            
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                    9.2 中断线程
            
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                    9.3 本章总结
            
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                    第10章 并行算法
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.17.1" data-path="../chapter10/10.1-chinese.html">
            
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                    10.1 并行化标准库算法
            
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                    10.2 执行策略
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.17.3" data-path="../chapter10/10.3-chinese.html">
            
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                    10.3 C++标准库中的并行算法
            
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                    10.4 本章总结
            
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                    第11章 测试和调试多线程应用
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18.1" data-path="../chapter11/11.1-chinese.html">
            
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                    11.1 与并发相关的Bug
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18.2" data-path="../chapter11/11.2-chinese.html">
            
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                    11.2 定位并发Bug的技巧
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18.3" data-path="../chapter11/11.3-chinese.html">
            
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                    11.3 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19" data-path="../appendix_A/A.0-chinese.html">
            
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                    附录A C++11特性简明参考(部分)
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.1" data-path="../appendix_A/A.1-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.1 右值引用
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.2" data-path="../appendix_A/A.2-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_A/A.2-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    A.2 删除函数
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.3" data-path="../appendix_A/A.3-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.3 默认函数
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.4" data-path="../appendix_A/A.4-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.4 常量表达式函数
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.5" data-path="../appendix_A/A.5-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.5 Lambda函数
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.6" data-path="../appendix_A/A.6-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.6 变参模板
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.7" data-path="../appendix_A/A.7-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.7 自动推导变量类型
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.8" data-path="../appendix_A/A.8-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.8 线程本地变量
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.9" data-path="../appendix_A/A.9-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_A/A.9-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    A.9 模板类参数的推导
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.10" data-path="../appendix_A/A.10-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.10 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.20" data-path="../appendix_B/B.0-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_B/B.0-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    附录B 并发库简要对比
            
                </a>
            

            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.21" data-path="../appendix_C/C.0-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_C/C.0-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    附录C 消息传递框架与完整的ATM示例
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.22" data-path="../appendix_D/D.0-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_D/D.0-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    附录D C++线程类库参考
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.22.1" data-path="../appendix_D/D.1-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_D/D.1-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    D.1 chrono头文件
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.22.2" data-path="../appendix_D/D.2-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_D/D.2-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    D.2 condition_variable头文件
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.22.3" data-path="../appendix_D/D.3-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_D/D.3-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    D.3 atomic头文件
            
                </a>
            

            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.22.4" data-path="../appendix_D/D.4-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_D/D.4-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    D.4 future头文件
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.22.5" data-path="../appendix_D/D.5-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_D/D.5-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    D.5 mutex头文件
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.22.6" data-path="../appendix_D/D.6-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_D/D.6-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    D.6 ratio头文件
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.22.7" data-path="../appendix_D/D.7-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_D/D.7-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    D.7 thread头文件
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
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                                <h1 id="73-&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x65E0;&#x9501;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x5BFC;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;">7.3 &#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x65E0;&#x9501;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x5BFC;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;</h1>
<p>&#x672C;&#x7AE0;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x53EF;&#x8BA9;&#x65E0;&#x9501;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x8981;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x6307;&#x5BFC;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5E2E;&#x52A9;&#x4F60;&#x627E;&#x5230;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x91CD;&#x70B9;&#x3002;&#x7B2C;6&#x7AE0;&#x4E2D;&#x5173;&#x4E8E;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x901A;&#x7528;&#x6307;&#x5BFC;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#x8FD8;&#x9002;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4ECE;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4E2D;&#x62BD;&#x53D6;&#x4E86;&#x51E0;&#x4E2A;&#x5B9E;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x5BFC;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x65E0;&#x9501;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x65F6;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="731-&#x6307;&#x5BFC;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#xFF1A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;stdmemoryorderseqcst">7.3.1 &#x6307;&#x5BFC;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#xFF1A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>std::memory_order_seq_cst</code></h2>
<p><code>std::memory_order_seq_cst</code>&#x6BD4;&#x8D77;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x5E8F;&#x8981;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x591A;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x90FD;&#x5C06;&#x5176;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x603B;&#x5E8F;&#x3002;&#x672C;&#x7AE0;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#xFF0C;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x4ECE;<code>std::memory_order_seq_cst</code>&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x5F53;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x624D;&#x653E;&#x5BBD;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x5E8F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x4F18;&#x5316;(&#x65E9;&#x671F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0D;&#x7528;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x505A;)&#x3002;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#xFF0C;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;&#x6574;&#x5957;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5BF9;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x624D;&#x80FD;&#x51B3;&#x5B9A;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x8981;&#x653E;&#x5BBD;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x3002;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#xFF0C;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x653E;&#x5BBD;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x8F7B;&#x677E;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x3002;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x5F88;&#x590D;&#x6742;(&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x5E8F;&#x6B63;&#x786E;)&#x3002;&#x9664;&#x975E;&#x4F60;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7B97;&#x6CD5;&#x68C0;&#x67E5;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x80FD;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6027;&#x7EC4;&#x5408;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x5C31;&#x80FD;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x6027;(&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x786E;&#x5B58;&#x5728;)&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="732-&#x6307;&#x5BFC;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#xFF1A;&#x5BF9;&#x65E0;&#x9501;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7684;&#x56DE;&#x6536;">7.3.2 &#x6307;&#x5BFC;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#xFF1A;&#x5BF9;&#x65E0;&#x9501;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7684;&#x56DE;&#x6536;</h2>
<p>&#x4E0E;&#x65E0;&#x9501;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x533A;&#x522B;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5BF9;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x3002;&#x4E3A;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7684;&#x8FC7;&#x591A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x5E0C;&#x671B;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x80FD;&#x5728;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x5C3D;&#x5FEB;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x3002;&#x672C;&#x7AE0;&#x4E2D;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x4E86;&#x4E09;&#x79CD;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x6765;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x56DE;&#x6536;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li><p>&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x65E0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5BF9;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x3002;</p>
</li>
<li><p>&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x98CE;&#x9669;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x6765;&#x6807;&#x8BC6;&#x6B63;&#x5728;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x3002;</p>
</li>
<li><p>&#x5BF9;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x8BA1;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5BF9;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x65F6;&#x5C06;&#x5176;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x3002;</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x7684;&#x60F3;&#x6CD5;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x53BB;&#x8DDF;&#x8E2A;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x6570;&#x91CF;&#x3002;&#x65E0;&#x9501;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x56DE;&#x6536;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;&#x7406;&#x60F3;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x8D77;&#x7B97;&#x6CD5;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#x66F4;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x3002;&#x53EA;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x8BA9;&#x56DE;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x77E5;&#x9053;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x6CA1;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5C31;&#x56DE;&#x6536;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x66FF;&#x4EE3;&#x65B9;&#x6848;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x5728;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x9500;&#x6BC1;&#x65F6;&#x624D;&#x5C06;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x80FD;&#x590D;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x5C31;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x6709;&#x975E;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5C31;&#x80FD;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x672A;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x7F3A;&#x70B9;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x4F1A;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x201C;ABA&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x201D;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="733-&#x6307;&#x5BFC;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#xFF1A;&#x5C0F;&#x5FC3;aba&#x95EE;&#x9898;">7.3.3 &#x6307;&#x5BFC;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#xFF1A;&#x5C0F;&#x5FC3;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABA_problem" target="_blank">ABA&#x95EE;&#x9898;</a></h2>
<p>&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x201C;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;/&#x4EA4;&#x6362;&#x201D;&#x7684;&#x7B97;&#x6CD5;&#x4E2D;&#x8981;&#x683C;&#x5916;&#x5C0F;&#x5FC3;&#x201C;ABA&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x201D;&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x6D41;&#x7A0B;&#x662F;:</p>
<ol>
<li>&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;1&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x539F;&#x5B50;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;x&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x5176;&#x503C;&#x662F;A&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;1&#x5BF9;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x503C;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x89E3;&#x5F15;&#x7528;(&#x5F53;&#x5176;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;)&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x505A;&#x67E5;&#x8BE2;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x5C06;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;1&#x6302;&#x8D77;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5BF9;x&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x5C06;&#x5176;&#x503C;&#x6539;&#x4E3A;B&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5BF9;A&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;(&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;1&#x6301;&#x6709;)&#xFF0C;&#x8BA9;&#x5176;&#x4E0D;&#x518D;&#x5408;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x91CA;&#x653E;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x5267;&#x70C8;&#x7684;&#x53CD;&#x5E94;(&#x5927;&#x95EE;&#x9898;)&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x4E86;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x503C;&#x800C;&#x5DF2;(&#x5C0F;&#x95EE;&#x9898;)&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x518D;&#x6765;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5C06;x&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x6539;&#x56DE;&#x4E3A;A&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;A&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x5176;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x4E0E;&#x65E7;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x800C;&#x5DF2;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;1&#x7EE7;&#x7EED;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x5BF9;x&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x201C;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;/&#x4EA4;&#x6362;&#x201D;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;A&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5BF9;&#x6BD4;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#xFF0C;&#x201C;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;/&#x4EA4;&#x6362;&#x201D;&#x6210;&#x529F;(&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5176;&#x503C;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;A)&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x8FD9;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<em>&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x7684;A</em>(the wrong A value)&#x3002;&#x4ECE;&#x7B2C;2&#x6B65;&#x4E2D;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4E0D;&#x518D;&#x5408;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;1&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x8A00;&#x660E;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x5C06;&#x4F1A;&#x635F;&#x574F;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x3002;</li>
</ol>
<p>&#x672C;&#x7AE0;&#x63D0;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x7B97;&#x6CD5;&#x4E0D;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x5728;&#x65E0;&#x9501;&#x7684;&#x7B97;&#x6CD5;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x5F88;&#x5E38;&#x89C1;&#x3002;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA9;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;x&#x4E2D;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;ABA&#x8BA1;&#x6570;&#x5668;&#x3002;&#x201C;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;/&#x4EA4;&#x6362;&#x201D;&#x4F1A;&#x5BF9;&#x52A0;&#x5165;&#x8BA1;&#x6570;&#x5668;&#x7684;x&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x6B21;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x90FD;&#x4E0D;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA1;&#x6570;&#x968F;&#x4E4B;&#x589E;&#x957F;&#x3002;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#xFF0C;x&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x539F;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x524D;&#x63D0;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x6709;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5BF9;x&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#xFF0C;&#x201C;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;/&#x4EA4;&#x6362;&#x201D;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x4F1A;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x201C;ABA&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x201D;&#x5728;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x91CA;&#x653E;&#x94FE;&#x8868;&#x548C;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x7B97;&#x6CD5;&#x4E2D;&#x5F88;&#x662F;&#x666E;&#x904D;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x5C06;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7ED9;&#x5206;&#x914D;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x5F15;&#x8D77;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="734-&#x6307;&#x5BFC;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#xFF1A;&#x8BC6;&#x522B;&#x5FD9;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x548C;&#x5E2E;&#x52A9;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;">7.3.4 &#x6307;&#x5BFC;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#xFF1A;&#x8BC6;&#x522B;&#x5FD9;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x548C;&#x5E2E;&#x52A9;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;</h2>
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